.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Basics of the English Slang for Chinese Students

Not only are English and Chinese different, but also the slang they use is rather different. Being a new student in a different country is challenging enough without the added monstrosity of the slang language. Not knowing what a phrase in slang means as well as not knowing what you would say to fit in a certain form of slang is rather an awkward situation to find yourself in. Did someone ever asked to ‘hang out’ and you didn’t know how to react? Well, this is one of the most prominent issues faced by a student of a different cultural background. So here is some basic slang which could save your life. It will help you in fitting in and making friends and avoiding any kind of embarrassing situations. Awesome It’s one of the most popular slang words in English used by everyone. It is used to express something wonderful or amazing and can be used in a sentence or as a one word. Example 1: â€Å"It was awesome! We loved the movie.† Example 2: â€Å"I’ll come to your house at 8 p.m.† â€Å"Awesome.† To be beat This describes that a person is tired or exhausted and has no connection whatsoever to hitting or winning. More commonly used when trying to deny or a perspective in a negative manner. Example: â€Å"Do you want to go out?† â€Å"No, I can’t. I am beat today and would just like to sleep.† To hang out This slang in English is used a lot and can mean any of the three things depending on how the sentence is phrased. But it is meant to mean time spent together or the act of spending time together. May also mean the specific place or location depending on the tone of the statement. Example 1: â€Å"So where do you hang out in evenings?†(Where do you like to spend your free time?) â€Å"I usually go to the bar around the corner of this street.† Example 2: â€Å"We must hang out soon.† (Spending free time together.) â€Å"Sure. I would love that.† Example 3: â€Å"Nothing, just hanging out with Rick.† (This means that they are free and doing nothing special.) To chill out This usually means that a person is relaxing or in some cases it means that you are overreacting. It can be used without the ‘out’ too. Example 1: â€Å"We are chilling at the bar.† Example 2: â€Å"We just chilled out in the weekend.† Example 3: â€Å"You need to chill out and stop thinking so much.† To be amped This means that a person is super excited and can’t wait for something to happen. Example: â€Å"I can’t wait to see Ed Sheeran live!† â€Å"Yes, I’m amped too.† Having a blast Normally it means an explosion but in slang it means to have fun and an amazing time. It should be clear not to mean nothing rather than in context of good times only. Example: â€Å"How was the concert?† â€Å"Awesome. Everyone had a blast.† Busted This usually means that you have been caught doing something you shouldn’t have. Example: â€Å"She got busted cheating in her exams.† Having a crush This means you are attracted to somebody and would like to know them. Example: â€Å"I have a crush on Michael. He is so cute.† Dump somebody This describes breaking up with their boyfriend/girlfriend. Example: â€Å"He dumped me. I am devastated.† Epic Fail Epic means huge and fail is a pretty straightforward word. Now if you put those together, it means a huge failure. Example: â€Å"Did you get your results back?† â€Å"It was an epic fail and I have to redo the tests again.†

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Diary of Medical Mission Trip videos dealing with the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti in 2010 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 374 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Problem solution essay Level High school Did you like this example? What should be done immediately after a catastrophe such as an earthquake? The first thing that should be done in the event of an earthquake should be the mobilization of several rescues and humanitarian experts to help in rescue exercise. At the same time, a temporary emergency rescue center near the site of the disaster. Emergency rescue teams in ambulances and paramedics should be mobilized to arrive the area within no time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Diary of Medical Mission Trip videos dealing with the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti in 2010" essay for you Create order The rescue center at the site should then sort the victims with the critically injured being airlifted for specialized medical attention. Having rescued all the victims and recovered the dead bodies, a specialized treatment center should be set free-of-charge to cater for serious conditions such as spinal cord problems, severe burns, and mentally affected patients. What do you think should be the next step after the emergency rescue? The government should set a center to carry out DNA body identification and facilitate burial of the bodies especially in developing countries such as Haiti. How can you handle the families of the deceased and the direct victims (injured)? The families of the deceased and the direct victims should be relocated to secure, and safer areas and their basic human wants met. Care should be taken when handling these family members as they are likely to suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD), anxiety, and depression. What are some of the residual effect that the victims might suffer? Care should be taken when handling the injured as they are likely to face long-term effects such as trauma, some may become life-long cripples and respiratory problems. How should a nation stay prepared to handle future disasters? The government should invest in research to ensure that earthquakes are predicted and people evacuated in time. Emergency rescue systems and ambulances should be put in place to ensure that such disasters are responded to immediately. Local search and rescue (SAR) should be strengthened together with training the general public on how to respond to such disasters to reduce the number of deaths and severity of injuries. Finally, community health workers should be decentralized and strengthened to improve service delivery (Bayard, 2010). References Bayard, D. (2010). Haiti earthquake relief, phase two†long-term needs and local resources. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(20), 1858-1861.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Culture Of The Gaming Culture - 1476 Words

On November 9th, 1994, there was a chemical element called Darmstadtium. It’s a radioactive heavy metal that is name after the city Darmstadt, Germany where it was first found. It’s a manmade element that Yuri Oganessian Vladimir Utyonkov at the JINR made isotope 273 by combining plutonium and sulfur together. Within the same year, Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Munzenberg from the GSI unit uses lead and nickel to combine it with isotope 269 into the previous isotope. With the combinations it created a new element and called it element 110. There is still little known things about the element such as the boiling point and the melting point. I noticed cultural events are something that has influenced me as I was growing up, such as my mentioning about Cambodia. Since my mom is a refugee, those news were brought to her by a friend who could understand English. It’s because of her actions and mentioning Cambodia, it gave me more of a connection with my culture. The gaming culture is something that has influenced me heavily. With the releases of gaming consoles, my brother and I would play games a lot. It eventually made me branch out to PC gaming and mobile gaming. Spongebob is a very known cartoon here in the U.S. that influenced my childhood to interact with other kids by quoting the shows. And because it’s one of the longest running kid shows, my nine year old niece has a connection with me by understanding the Spongebob references I made. It’s interesting how cartoonsShow MoreRelatedThe Video Gaming Culture in Japan1594 Words   |  7 Pages There are many gamers around the world, and one of the largest gaming populations is located in Japan. (Niizumi) Japan has been, and continues to be one of the largest developers and creators of both of video gaming consoles and video games around the world. (Niizumi) Japanese video games are beneficial to society and are an excellent source of employment to many in Japan. To understand how video gaming relates to Japanese culture we need to understand more about the country of Japan. We will exploreRead MoreMapping the Issue Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Lee Eng 1302 8 March 2012 Thomas Tutt What Makes a Community Worth Gaming for Dear friends and students of UTA, I humbly come to you with a simple argument, one that is close to my heart. Though it may sound trivial, the argument has been raging on for three decades, and has grown to a nation wide debate. The question: is there such thing as a gaming community? Again, the question may sound inconsequential, but consider this fellow Mavericks, what makes a community? Is it just aRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Pop Culture1116 Words   |  5 Pages Around the middle of the 20th Century man cultures started to grow beyond what they previously were thanks to different mediums (such as television and music) helping to push boundaries; with this came the birth of pop culture. Considering pop culture is a shortened version of popular culture it’s clear that many of the things in pop culture would be short lived. The short lived trends and happenings are labeled as â€Å"fads†. Strangely enough, some fads are made to transform and actually become a mainstayRead MoreHow Video Games Changed Throughout History1373 Words   |  6 Pagesto Phenomenon: How Video Games Changed Throughout History Around the middle of the 20th Century man cultures started to grow beyond what they previously were thanks to different mediums (such as television and music) helping to push boundaries; with this came the birth of pop culture. Considering pop culture is a shortened version of popular culture it’s clear that many of the things in pop culture would be short lived. The short lived trends and happenings are labeled as â€Å"fads†. Strangely enoughRead MoreThe Subculture Of Board Game911 Words   |  4 Pageshave millions of people logging on each day to play with others. Videogames have created a culture of their own, but they were not the original type of gaming recreation. Board games have been bringing their played into fantasy worlds long before the popularization of videogames. This has spark my interest to understand the subculture of board game players in today’s society. I have selected a local board gaming site to conduct my field research for my ethnograp hic study. My primary location or thisRead MoreAre Videogames More Advantageous And Lucrative?1494 Words   |  6 Pagesnecessarily make the culture of videogames more advantageous and lucrative? Videogame culture is better and more successful with violent videogames because it makes videogames more popular, it makes them more appealing for more age groups, and makes the culture more diverse. First off, videogames are electronic games that involve human interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a T.V. screen or a computer monitor (en.wikipedia.org). Videogame culture has skyrocketedRead MoreUnderstanding The Cultural Context And Impact Of Computer Games1451 Words   |  6 Pagesthe older forms/methods of media it will hopefully explore fully the public’s perception of computer games and how the perception has evolved and how are games used today in many ways to help people do different things. The cultural effects of video gaming when we all think of video games today there is most likely one thing that pops into our head which we ll conjure up image either from the different platforms but there s always the famous one of Mario stomping on the baddies heads with the classicRead MorePlatforms And Interfaces Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesA player’s personal experience of transforming platforms and interfaces: from Game Boy to personal computers Introduction Accept it or not, video games and â€Å"gaming† are a large part of Australian culture. The average Australian 21-year-old would have spent over 10,000 hours playing games (that’s how long it takes to complete school from year 5 to year 12). For immeasurable reasons such as involvement, freedom, entertainment and story-telling are games such a powerful medium of creative and interactiveRead MoreIndian Gaming Regulatory Act Of 19881337 Words   |  6 PagesCalifornia vs. Cabazon, the passing of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 has made gaming a significant part of tribal economic development. Gaming has brought about economic self-determination for Native Americans for the first time in over two hundred years (Neath, 1995). Over two hundred of the United States’ 544 federally recognized tribes have established gaming on tribal lands (Neath, 1995). However, along with the economic profits, Indian gaming has brought many Native Americans back to reservation sRead MoreFormal Reference Tools On Young People1002 Words   |  5 Pagesof youth culture, this encyclopedia looks at several categories of adolescent research. Topics include identity and development, relationships, social contexts, and mental health. These are all important topics for YA librarians to research, as it provides insight into the average YA librarian’s user demographic, and would allow for more thoughtful programming, collection development, and overall YA services. While this source does tackle all aspects of adolescence, not just male culture, it is less

Essay on Black Death - 988 Words

eatLandon Wood Turner AP World History 1 November 2012 AP World History Book Report Summary: The Black Death, by Philip Ziegler, covers the epidemic that spread throughout Eurasia around 1348. The book mostly focuses on England and how the disease affected this area. The book also covers other portions of Europe such as France, Italy, and Germany but not as in depth. Ziegler uses the research of many historians to piece together what occurred during this time of grief. Ziegler starts off the book explaining the origins and nature of the plague. He explains how the tartar attacked the port city of Genoa by catapulting diseased corpses in the city’s compound. The Genoese decided to flee and went further north, which caused the spread of†¦show more content†¦The Black Death refereed in Philip Ziegler’s book takes place in Western Europe, and we learned the different civilizations during the Classical era in Western Europe such as the Roman Empire and the Greek empire. Moving on the Post Classical era, we learned how different regional authorities were established when invasions from the Magyar, Muslims, and Vikings happened throughout Western Europe; this is how countries like England, Germany, and France were ultimately established. This plague happened during the era after the Post Classical era and killed off more than one third of the population of Europe. Reading this book will allow people to understand the hardships that the population of Europe had to deal with. Identification of Author’s Point of View: In this book, Ziegler takes more of a neutral point of view. He does not attempt to argue or prove anything, but pieces information from all his research and coming up with conclusions. He has nothing to argue because the Black Death is confirmed to have happened and only a few little details are uncertain. Ziegler uses more of a numerical approach in some parts of his book. He pieces together much of his information and uses it to conclude death and mortality rates. He pieces together much of his information and uses it to conclude death and mortality rates. I feel like he would do this because using numbers gives an exact value and becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Black Of Black Death939 Words   |  4 Pageshistory few events seem as cataclysmic as the Black Death. The Black Death was actually one of the most deadly pandemics in human history. This awful pandemics most devastating time in Europe was between 1348 and 1350. According to some estimates it wiped out at least two-thirds of Europe’s population. A Malmesbury monk from Wiltshire wrote that, â€Å"Over England as a whole a fifth og men, women and children were carried to the grave.† (James â€Å"Black Death: The lasting impact†) Many epidemiologists stillRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, one of the greatest natural disaster to hit Europe thus causing the death of many people in the most horrific manner and cause the end of feudalism. This was a disaster that affected one third of the European continent and also one that no one was prepared to face. It killed more people than during a war and it impacted simple lives of people, their culture, religion and the economy as a whole. The origin of The Black Death has several explanations. Some people said The Black DeathRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death905 Words   |  4 Pagesgrew were dying. On the wake of these seven distressing years of weather and famine was the greatest plague of all times, The Black Death. In 1347 AD, The Black Death began spreading throughout Western Europe. Over the time span of three years, the widespread epidemic killed one third of the population in Europe with pretty near twenty five million people dead. The Black Death killed many more Europeans than any other endemic or war up to that time, vastly impacting the Church, the people, and the economyRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was a very important time in history and, while devastating, it led to many advances in medicine due to the mass spread of a new deadly disease. The 14th Century encompassed the time period of January 1, 1301 to December 31, 1400. When this disease struc k, Ole J. Benedictow calculates that it killed about 50 million people in Europe alone, which was about 60% of Europe’s population at the time. That being said, the Black Death, often referred to as the Bubonic Plague, clocked inRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death2017 Words   |  9 PagesThe Black Death The pandemic known to history as the Black Death was one of the world’s worst natural disasters in history. It was a critical time for many as the plague hit Europe and â€Å"devastated the Western world from 1347 to 1351, killing 25%-50% of Europe’s population and causing or accelerating marked political, economic, social, and cultural changes.† The plague made an unforgettable impact on the history of the West. It is believed to have originated somewhere in the steppes of central AsiaRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse l iving conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1349 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and scary symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch the PlagueRead MoreThe Black Death831 Words   |  4 PagesTHE BLACK DEATH! What Is The Black Death? The Black Death is a disease that went on for over 5 years. It also spread around a wide range of places! It killled and harmed thousands upon thousands of people and had no mercy. If you were to sadly catch the Black Death, you would DEFINITELY die and there was many cures and causes however none of the causes actually worked also all of causes were thought to be a punishment from God. Once you knew you had the Black DeathRead MoreThe Black Death1203 Words   |  5 PagesWhat were the short term and long term impacts of the Black Death on Medieval society? The Black Death is one of the most fatal diseases in human history and took its peak in Europe from 1348 to 1350. Half of Europe’s population was wiped out due to this disease and the short and long term impacts greatly affected the structure of Medieval Society. The Black Death or otherwise known as the plague was thought to have begun in Central Asia, which spread down the Silk Road and eventually to Europe

Was It Really an Unethical Affair free essay sample

As a CEO or a leader for that matter, you must lead by example and his example was poor at best. You cannot enforce standards in the workplace if you are skirting those standards yourself. As chairman of any company, you must not only enforce standards among your employees, but you must also adhere to those standards. Integrity is a forefront for anyone who is placed within a position of responsibility and can be defined as doing what is right regardless of who is watching you, if anyone. Any corporation has a values base that it works from and non-compliance with those values can cause a domino effect within the corporation’s structure. If the person that is entrusted with enforcing the standards or values cannot adhere to them himself, how can he/she expect his/her employees to do so? When Bill Clinton had an affair with one of his interns, it caused much grief in the military community. We will write a custom essay sample on Was It Really an Unethical Affair? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a military member, if you are caught having an extramarital affair, you are punished under the Manual for Courts Martial and potentially relieved of your duties. If Bill Clinton is able to carry on such an affair with little to no punishment, how can a military member be punished for the same thing? For all intents and purposes he was considered the CEO of the uniformed services as our Commander-in-Chief which meant he should have set the example for military members to follow. Could a military member have then argued that The President had an inappropriate relationship with a coworker and was not subject to any consequences for his actions? In that case would it have then become alright for the military member to carry out an affair? From an ethical standpoint, the answer would be no, but from a personal standpoint, it depends on the values that a particular person believes he must adhere to. It all relates to a favorite saying â€Å"You can do what you want but you can’t do what you want! † As Americans, we have been afforded the right to make decisions freely which allows us to do as we please however, based on those decisions you must be prepared to endure the consequences if any exist. This view of ethical decision making is what potentially keeps employees and people in general honest. Mandatory policies for all Boeing employees consisted of the following: †¢In conducting its business, integrity must underlie all company relationships, including those with customers, suppliers, communities and other employees. Employees will not engage in conduct or activity that may raise questions about the company’s honesty, impartiality, reputation or otherwise cause embarrassment to the company. †¢Employees must not engage in any activity that might create a conflict of interest for the company or for themselves. †¢Retaliation against employee s who come forward to raise genuine concerns about employee conduct will not be tolerated. Employees were required to sign this ethics code once a year and of course non-adherence should have been grounds for termination. In viewing the ethics code, the only policy that Mr. Stonecipher may have stayed in line with was the fourth point involving retaliation. Since he clearly violated the code he was poised to uphold, grounds for his termination were clearly defined. Boeing suffered from a pattern of CEOs that conducted themselves inappropriately and Mr. Stonecipher was charged with cleaning up Boeing’s moral image. After their Chief Financial Officer was relieved over an ethics scandal and their CEO resigning a week later, the expectations were already high for Boeings new CEO. Mr. Stonecipher knew this when he accepted the job and that alone should have kept him from acting inappropriately. The very person placed in a position to aide change carried out one of the very things that he was charged in trying to prevent. An important question to be asked is what would Mr. Stonecipher have done if one of his executives were carrying on the same type of relationship; would it have gone overlooked or would it have been dealt with swiftly? Values were not a part of the decision making that drove this CEO to conduct himself in a manner not consistent with Boeing’s Ethical Code. Decisions were made that lacked integrity and loyalty. The example set for employees below him opened the door for inappropriate behavior on all levels without fear of reprisal; there was no longer an ethical standard set in place whether written or unwritten. The general expectations of any leader are that they set the standard, regardless of occupation; in this case the actions fell below the standard. On a professional level, Mr. Stonecipher was wrong for his conduct based on his position within Boeing. On a personal level, Mr. Stonecipher was wrong for his conduct based on his marital status.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

THE FLIELD AT LEUCTRA Essay Example For Students

THE FLIELD AT LEUCTRA Essay Imagine if you will, It is a bright sun soaked day in Thebes. You are a soldier in theTheban Army under the command of General Epaminonads. To your front are the lowgreen plains of Boeotia. Plains that would latter become known as the blood alley(Hanson, 55) of Greece. In the distance you can see the sea of Spartan phalanxes, thereshields gleaming in the sun. To your left the sound of Cavalry as they rush out to meet theon coming Spartan horsemen. Another uneventful day in the live of a soldier? Most allhistorians of the day and of times past will tell you differently. The battle between the Spartans and the Thebans at the battle of Leuctra has beenstudied for a great many years. There are a great many arguments both for and against thepivotal engagement. Was it superior tactics or luck that defeated the Spartans. Thedifficulties lay in the fact that there is only one person present during the engagement thatrecorded the action. The person was a Athenian by the name of Xenophon. His the onlycontemporary description of Leuctra, and thus must over shadow all subsequentaccounts. (Hanson, 55) These accounts can be found in Xenophon`s papers calledHellenica. The first thing that needed is a description of the engagement itself. Thedescription of the engagement can be found everywhere from college history books toin-depth military history novels. The engagement began with standard linear tactics. The Spartans and their allies tookup positions head of the Theban column. At the time it was standard procedure to havethe commander and his elite troops placed to the right of his column, but Epaminondas diddifferently that day. He placed his elite troops and himself to the left. Now bothcommanders, Epaminondas and Cleombrotus face each other with their fines troops. Before the Thebans began movement against the Spartans the army resized its elitehoplites into forty to fifty shields deep instead of the standard twelve to fifteen man deepphalanx. The Spartan sent in their outnumbered cavalry in front of them at the beginningof the assault. The Thebans sent in their cavalry to meet them. The brief skirmish to followwas to although the Theban generals time to drive some of his infantry into the fray. Theresult was to force the enemies horsemen fleeing into the Spartan infantrys advance,breaking them up. At this point the Thebans began a left echelon march toward theSpartan right. Exploiting the gaps caused by the cavalry flight the Thebans preceded tosmash the Spartans. During the fighting that ensued the Cleombrotus was slain. After thefall of the king, the Spartans began to give ground. The event of their leader being killedthe Spartan allies fled the field. The Spartan right, although now alone, leaderless, andpressed by the Theban mass, withdrew undaunted-and in formation. (Hanson, 56) Thebattle for Lecutra was over the Spartans and their allies were defeated, Thebes and wonthe day, no longer would Sparta be an invincible nation. Now we must look at the controversies surrounding the battle at Lecutra. Was militarygenius or luck that won the day? First let use look at the commander of the Thebantroops. Many historians wish to place much of the victory itself on the genius ofEpaminonda. Evidence can be found in many of the historical novels. Phalanx warfarewas revolutionized at the battle of Leuctra in 371 by Epaminonda the Theban general. (Montgomery, 70) The simple fact is, Epaminonda was not alone in his command of theTheban forces at Leuctra. Epaminonda was joined by another general by the name ofPelopidas along with other Boeotian commanders. These tactics, battles and decision werejoint endeavors. .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 , .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 .postImageUrl , .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 , .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9:hover , .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9:visited , .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9:active { border:0!important; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9:active , .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9 .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5298918f660a08d6ed20a06593bc7c9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Microsoft Antitrusst Case EssaySecond, a review of the revolutionary tactics applied at Leuctra. First the innovation ofadjusting in depth of the Phalanxes. At face value the increase in the number of depthseems to be a stroke of genius, where the need for a hard hitting strike is needed. Thereare only two problems with this thinking. One this tactic was used before in otherengagements of the time. The fifty-shield mass at Leuctra was not unheard of. As mostGreek commanders knew, such an attack in column ordinarily had few advantages. (Hanson, 56) The placing of the command and elite troops on the left to meet withSpartans best and their command was also not a new tactic at the battle of Lecutra. Pelopidas, for example, who was in the field with the Theban army at Lecutra, had puthis best troops on the left wing four years earlier at Tegyra. (Hanson, 56) The use of aleft oblique appears to be the first account of such a tactic, but there is to still argument ofthe reasoning for this. Was it well planned manner of attack to keep the long Spartan linebusy while the Thebans smashed into the Spartan right? Or was it just a means forEpaminonda`s army who was outnumbered to keep from being enveloped. The infantryof the refused center and left advanced slowly, occupying the attention of the Spartans totheir front, but without engaging them. (Dupuy, 43) This to is in doubt as of the onlydirect writings on the subject of the maneuver are left out by Xenophon. The use of thecavalry with the infantry was also nothing new in combat of the time. The army ofDionysius I of Syracuse consisted of integrated bodies of hoplites, light infantry andcavalry. (Montgomery, 70) Epaminonda did make us e of this confusion caused by thefleeing Spartan cavalry back into their own lines. He recognized the confusion betweenhorse and foot among the enemy ranks as a gift. This proves him an able hoplitecommander, but hardly a military genius. (Hanson, 58) In the end it was probably thedeath of the Spartan commander Cleombrotus, that defeated the Army. Losses ofcommanders throughout history have resulted in like defeats of the time. Withoutleadership the troops new not what to do. Lastly I will touch on some the controversy of the battle. In many cases the victory atLecutra is portrayed as a stroke of genius. As mentioned earlier, almost every so calledrevolutionary tactic was used at some point and time before Lecutra. Historians speak ofthe grand defeat of the Spartans and their total lack of cohesion in the face of these newtactics of warfare. The Spartans were hopelessly confused by these novel tactics. (Dupuy, 43) If this was so why when Cleombrotus was killed did the Spartan exit the fieldin formation. Xenophon correctly points out that they were holding their own until theirking fell. And the fact after the Theban onslaught, they were able to maintain enoughcohesion to withdraw in formation and carry his body out of the melee. (Hanson, 58)This citations not only confirms the effect of killing the leader but the fact of howorganized the Spartans during the battle really were. It proves that although the Spartanswere broken up by the friendly cavalry they were by no means rendered combatineffective. In conclusion, their will always seem to be contrary on the action at Lecutra. Fromwhat were the real reasons the once invincible Spartans were defeated. As said earlier itseems to be a combination of quite a few things. From friendly cavalry retreating into theirown lines to the tactic of Epaminonda putting his best against the Spartans best in anattempt to overwhem the Spartan king to the fact that in the battle king Cleombrotus waskilled. These truths are just that but in no way new or innovative at the time of theegagement. Time and time again historians will argue on the subject. Few take the time todig through the ancient texts and discover that most of the tactics used by Epaminondawere used before him, in either minor battles or without as great as success that wouldforever leave the innovator over shadowed by someone luckier with the same tactics. Work CitiedDupuy R. Ernest and Dupuy Trevor N., The Encyclopedia of Militarty History, NewYork and Evanston, Harper Row, 1970Hanson Victor Davis, The Leuctra Mirage, MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of MilitaryHistory, Volume 2, Number 2, Winter 1990, 54-59Montgomery Viscount, Field-Marshal , A History of Warfare, Ceveland and NewYork, The World Publishing Company, 1968