Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Magnetic resonance mental imagery Study of Cerebrospinal FluidMagnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in Congenital sensation AnomaliesProtocol of Thesis for Partial Fulfillment of Master Degree in RadiodiagnosisByEman Mahmoud Elsayed SobhM.B.B.ChRadiodiagnosis Resident Ministry of HealthSupervisorsProf. Dr. Amany Ezzat Mohammed MousaProfessor of RadiodiagnosisFaculty of MedicineMansoura UniversityDr. Mahmoud Abd Ellatif Mohammed henchman Professor of RadiodiagnosisFaculty of MedicineMansoura University2017IntroductionCongenital consciousness anomalies atomic number 18 abnormal developments of the brain that happen during intrauterine life and they are obsolete among the nonheritable anomalies of various organ systems. These anomalies of the central nervous system prepare approximately 25% of perinatal deaths and account for about 33% of every last(predicate) major anomalies diagnosed at or after birth. The etiology of congenital brain anomalies is poorly understood, albeit some clinical and experimental evidence indicates that a transmutation of factors, including genetic (chromosome abnormality), environmental (ionizing radiation, toxic agents), infection (rubella and cytomegalovirus), and nutrition (hypervitaminosis A) might drama some roles(Chen Zimmerman, 2000).It is important to diagnose these conditions as early as attainable due to its far reaching neurological deficit and detrimental outcome. roughly of the congenital brain anomalies lot be reliably diagnosed by neuroimaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain. Radiologist and treating physician should be awake of various specific imaging appearances and unique signs of these anomalies to avoid delay in diagnosis and thereby further treatment (Singh, Srivastav, Singhania, Devi, 2014).Imaging techniques may be underutilized when clinicians are unaware of the technique or dont recognize its potential. During the last trey decades, flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques kick in been increasingly applied to quantitatively and qualitatively assess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics in congenital brain disorders. CSF flowmetry is an extremely valuable tool because it is rapid, sensitive, non-invasive, easily performed and provides hypercritical information in preoperative appraisal as well as post-operative follow up of these patients. It is also effective in treatment think (Yildiz, Yazici, Hakyemez, Erdogan, Parlak, 2006 Zhang Li, 2012).Phase contrast MRI is one the magnetic resonance angiography techniques that have been modified to subscribe the CSF hydrodynamics. The normal and abnormal CSF hydrodynamics can be assessed quantitatively by measuring the peak velocity of CSF in the aqueduct victimisation two-dimensional signifier-contrast MRI which demonstrates mechanical coupling between cerebral rootage and CSF flow during the cardiac cycle. The normal physiologic motion of C SF is pulsatile which synchronizes with the cardiac cycle. numerical analysis of CSF flow in pathways such as aqueduct that is tubular and relatively regular in diameter is desirable because the resulting laminar flow can be measured accurately by phase-contrast MRI. Qualitative assessment provides optic appreciation of the CSF flow through the aqueduct and basal cisterns. (Giiang, Chen, Chen, Huang, Chung, 2000).Aim of WorkThe betoken of this work is to assess the CSF flow dynamics in different congenital brain anomalies using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI).PatientsSite of the study Mansoura University Hospital, Radiodiagnosis Department, MRI unitSample size 30 patientsDuration deep down 1 yearInclusion CriteriaPatients with congenital brain anomalies diagnosed clinically or radiologicallyExclusion criteriaPatients / Guardians refusing the procedurePatients have contraindications to MRI studiesPatients with associated known arrhythmiasMethodology altogethe r patients forget be subjected toFull clinical examinationRadiological investigations (MRI including phase contrast study of CSF flow dynamics)Electrocardiograph (ECG)Informed consent will be obtained from all patients after full explanation of the benefits and risks of the procedure.Any out of the blue(predicate) risks appear during the course of the research will be cleared to the participants and the honourable committee on timeAny patients will be inured in the hospital if any complications occur to them related to the technique cover and confidentiality will be maintained to all patients.ReferencesChen, C.-Y., Zimmerman, R. A. (2000). Congenital brain anomalies Neuroimaging (pp. 491-530) Springer.Giiang, L.-H., Chen, C.-Y., Chen, M.-Y., Huang, T.-Y., Chung, W. (2000). radiation pattern and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics evaluated by optimized cine phase-contrast MR imaging. Chin J Radiol, 25, 191-195.Singh, T. G., Srivastav, V., Singhania, P., Devi, S. M. (2014). Congenital brain anomalies Neuroimaging findings. Journal of Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, 3(2), 77.Yildiz, H., Yazici, Z., Hakyemez, B., Erdogan, C., Parlak, M. (2006). Evaluation of CSF flow patterns of back end fossa cystic malformations using CSF flow MR imaging. Neuroradiology, 48(9), 595-605. doi10.1007/s00234-006-0098-8Zhang, B., Li, S. B. (2012). Cine-PC MR in assessment of cerebrospinal fluid velocity in the aqueduct of the midbrain correlated with intracranial pressureinitial study. Med Hypotheses, 78(2), 227-230. doi10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.031

Can War Ever Be Eradicated?

Can fight Ever Be Eradicated?Our world is inherently inconsistent it is constructed on the eternal skirmish, on constant contradictions. Knowingly there black and white, the north and the south, right and left exist. Each conflict in the end expands until the clip when the person pratnot supervise it each more. Frequently it also leads to revolutions, struggles, catgut conflicts. Throughout all world history, the person has lived for exclusively a some years without struggle, he has constantly fought for the right to exist, for the freedom, land, power etc. together with the schooling of the humankind, this fight became more and more rigid. At the same time, the weapon, which in stages bore more and more destructions, also developed, which made the fight crueler. War inherently does not know any winners. To some extent, every iodine in it is a looser, be occasion each side bears an enormous core of losses human lives, mvirtuosoy, and territory. The conflict of individu als is an everyday occurrence in a newfangled life war covers bigger amount of people. More often it arises be suffer of the requirement of the person to operate, and brings oft more ball-shaped destructions and does not sour separate people any more, but the whole society. War, as a phenomenon, cannot be eradicated, because modern wait ones of sphericalization, development of terrorism and passion of the power promote the development of war.Modern transition of globalization as process of increasing submit of various factors of the world(prenominal) value on the social validity in the separate countries is one of the reasons why war cannot be eradicated. (Reference) Globalization became real aspect of the modern world system, one of the most influential forces defining the further process of our civilization. Globalization process opens new possibilities, but it is also fraught with disconfirming consequences. Globalization influences formation of potential conflicts in the conditions of a competition. Unfair dispersal of the blessings creates bane of conflicts at regional, national and international levels. Globalization causes defined amount of problems. One of them is connected with a question who appears in a pry from this globalization. Most often basic part of advantages is received by the exuberant countries. The second problem is connected with potential regional or global instability because of interdependence of national economies at world level. Local stintingal fluctuations or crises in one country can keep up regional or blush global consequences. Such possibility carries not exactly theoretical character, and is quite real. That can be confirmed with a pecuniary crisis in Asia, which attain begun in the summer of 1997 in Thailand, and then threw on other countries of South East Asia, having reached South Korea, too. The similar phenomenon testifies the big photograph of the interconnected economy. introduction recession or depression is capable to cause appeals to break off an interconnection and the dependences created during globalization, just as it and has occurred at the time of Great depression of 1930ies in the USA. The economic conflict with a threat of transformation into economic war or even military impact can become the result. So, globalization, which is very actual nowadays, provokes conflicts among the countries, frequently even military ones.Development of the international terrorism as the certificate of force out against citizens or objects for the purpose of destabilization of a public order in the country or complication of the international relations, also does not supply eradicating war. (Reference) If in the middle of XX century the terrorism was considered as the topical anesthetic phenomenon, but already to the beginning of the third millennium, it has captured the most part of the world. nowadays there does not remain a place on the earth, where the terrorism has not g ot in. Terrorism acts have already taken place a good deal on each continent, but struggle against this terrorism cannot be won in a focusing of only defeating separate terrorist organizations, because everywhere in the Islamic world there be people supporting ineffable war, especially against the USA. The vivid example of it is an act of terrorism on family line 11, 2001 in New York, which caused retaliatory measures of protection from the USA side. The First World War has begun with murder of the successor of an Austro-Hungarian throne, which also can be considered as an act of terrorism. In addition, for today fears that acts of international terrorism and retaliatory measures of the states can end with one more world war are express more and more often. Events of the year 2006 in the Near East have shown how real the threat of the world war world war is. though acts of terrorism have caused only the war on the local level, only between two countries, it is impossible to fo rget that the world community was on a hair from other counties retraction in war, Syria, Iran and the USA in the first place. In addition, proceeding from the statistical data, the quantity of acts of terrorism in 2005 exceeded the amount of 13.000. Such considerable quantity of acts of terrorism puts the world on the side of a war. That cockeyeds that the international terrorism is a cause of war, but also that strawman of the international terrorism means presence of constant wars.One of the main reasons for almost every war in the history of mankind were and still are a capture of territories, appetency of a profit, but only this purpose has been disguised under the subterfuge of belief, democracy etc. Each country separately thirsts for the new markets, resources, money, i.e. everyone wants to find over the others. Moreover, there will unendingly be the state, which will be dissatisfied with its present position, which finally will start the conflict. Zones of economic i nfluence of Great Britain, Japan and Russia have narrowed for last 15 years. Thus, those zones have essentially extended at the republic of South Africa and Germany. Influence of china on a state of economic affairs promptly amplifies. Zones of economic influence of the USA, Italy and France have undergone less considerable changes. Struggle for spheres of economic influence has led to the situation that on a part of territories there was a collision of economic interests at the several states at once, rivalry between which has in certain cases taken the form of a confrontation. Unfortunately, the human is grasping the higher is his post, the stronger is a desire of the power. There are antidemocratic countries, such as Iran, Iraq, the North Korea in the modern world, for which the main aim is capture of territories and horrible of their opinion. Absence of democracy in the separate countries is a war cloud, one of its possible preconditions. The history knows several ethnic, in ternational conflicts, which, in fact, were caused by motives that are more religious. In 20 century, ethnic wars started to carry more global character. Having begun with the fascism, which has proclaimed destruction of Jews and Slavs, their number increases in a geometrical progression, messages on them fill screens of TVs and the press. International divisions have also concerned outwardly right Europe Czechs and Slovaks, Scots and English the Canadian French and English, Arabs and Jews. The government always had a choice. World problems could be solved peacefully, without applying physical strength, but it would mean loss of the power over the others that is unacceptable for the psychology of the person.Each belligerent country wishes to own the greatest influence and the most productive way war (i.e. while globalization develops, the states will choose war for feat political, economic, etc. the purposes). Moreover, force has always been called upon because it is an ultimate method by which peoples, whether individually or in national groups, have been able to achieve their desires. establish on the set forth above it can be tell that war cannot be eradicated as the processes of globalization, terrorism and humans desire of power promote the occurrence of military conflicts, and as these processes are deep-rooted, war will never be eradicated.

The Status Of Childrens Rights In Nepal

The Status Of small fryrens Rights In NepalThe purpose of this report is to assess the issues skirt the infantrens human rights in Nepal by criticising their consideration in mating with the applicable planetary Treaties. Simultaneously its subscribe to is to illustrate the current situation, by providing information from findings regarding the violations on the rights of the squirtren. Particularly it focuses on health lieu, sexual activityual exploitation, forced savvy and breeding and it reflects those violations, by providing statistical data and paradigms during and after the armed betrothal.It would in addition drop emphasis, on whether Nepal has complied with the outside(a) convenings as well as whether any NGO.s gave any attention towards the crisis free burning in Nepal.Finally the report would make a general evaluation by providing recommendations in respect of Nepals implementations and promises for the improvement of small fryrens human rights, includi ng the need of their protection and their future concern.II.IntroductionNepal in reality is unitary of the poorest and undeveloped countries in the world, which tries to be reborn from its own ashes, after witnessing and experiencing a 10 year innate violent armed conflict, due to the Maoist insurgency which forsaked in 2006. heretofore the function years give birth been do significant changes and organic evolutions. In 2008, Nepal went from polity-making instability to a Federal Democratic Republic as the UCPN-M1had agree with the Nepali disposal to come to an end with that conflict. Thus was guaranteed a undisturbed government according to the CPA,2establishing equality and guard dutying fundamental human rights and freedoms.Despite the concomitant that, there is a gradual recovery and progress, serious human rights violations offer to occur, as Nepal still faces the aftershocks of the crisis. Arguably the armed conflict has stigmatised the most on a lower floor f ire(predicate) group and has deprived from them their basic rights. Children bear been victimised and faced proscription of their houses, forced to be soldiers and arbitrarily detained by the government, subjected to ill-treatment and flat torture. Others were employ for exploitation and being subjected to sexual abuse depriving their right to be educated and also their health status has been deteriorated.Immediate help from human rights defenders and INGOs3was cursorily given globally, but still it is an imperative need as electric razorren motivation their protection. Most of them still live under insecurity and instability face up risks of further violations of their rights. Thus is due consideration to postgraduatelight the current situation.III.Childrens wellness Status and benevolent Exploitation in Armed ConflictIt is claimed that children be absolute majority in statistics but minority on social status in real world.4This statement reveals the current situation co ncerning childrens rights status in Nepal.Recent reports indicate that there consume been grievous violations of childrens rights as hundreds pass on been killed by armed groups due to the governmental situation and others lodge to be at risk even if the country is in a post-conflict st hop on. except thousands were seriously injured and others boast died because of diseases particularly from HIV/AIDS.5Their health status has been degrading6both physically and mentally as the armed conflict deprived from them their basic rights such as the right to family, food and shelter.The uncongenial environment had exposed orphaned children to conditions which had never experienced before. Moreover hundreds have been displaced from their families and have been subjected to violation, whoredom and involuntary servitude without their consent becoming vulnerable to high risks of infectious diseases. During and after the ceasefire, children exploitation had worsened their health as the major ity of the victimised children have been unlawfully treated and exposed in terrible conditions, facing oppression and coercion. Simultaneously the inadequate health agreement, resources and the insufficient hands has worsened their health status. blush if Nepal has attained to streamline childs health the last decades by reducing mortality under 5 from 118% in 1996 to 61% in 2006, however disparities exist by different social groups regarding approachability in the health system.The phenomenon of child trafficking is Nepals one of its major problems. Yet, no bollock refreshs have been prep bed by the Nepalese government but the committee concerned that there is lack of actual statistics of children victims on exploitation and trafficking.7 further a research conducted by CWIN8in association with Save the Children revealed that 73,8% of one hundred ten boys living on the street, had had non-consensual sexual intercourse.9Another tragic study conducted by ILO10estimated that ab out 5000 children, in the first place girls are pull ining as commercial sex workers.11Nonetheless Nepal had successfully ratified and had abided by the terms of OPSC.12Also the stave Constitution of Nepal guarantees the protection of children against any form of abuse and exploitation as well as many acts such as the Childrens Act13and charitable Trafficking and Transportation Control Act14is opposed to CSEC.15However the study of the CRC16Sub-Committee of the HRTMCC17reveals that the Nepalese aliment do not explicitly address the issues that fall under OPSC18and fail to accord with the CRC.Consequently that means the legislation does not safeguard the rights of the children from CSEC. According to the same study it was observed that even if institutions, centres and initiatives are rubbish against CSEC there is a lack of coordination between them19as there is an cooccur due to government institutions. At the same time different projects cease to continue their work as there is no adequate fiscal subscribe to and also there is no specific programme to work against CSEC for the best interests of the child.Notably children who have participated in consultation meetings did not receive about the government programmes regarding OPSC dissemination. Since most of the children are illiterate they cannot understand the victuals conducted by the Nepalese government combating CSEC so without having the proper knowledge and support it would be an utopia for them to fight for their rights against CSEC which could be characterised as a modern quality of slavery.IV.Forced advertise-DCLMyriad studies, indicate that the mission of the government is to enrich the status of the child in Nepal and make attempts in revise to formulate strategies so as to obviate the worst forms of DCL.20Nepal has one of the worst backgrounds regarding the forms of forced labour especially in the DCL. Frans Roselaers claimed that unacceptable forms of exploitation of children at wor k exist and wear but they are difficult to research due to their hidden, sometimes black or even criminal nature.21The phenomenon of child labour in Nepal takes lashings of dimensions the last decades as children are economically active from their young age. In accordance to NFLS22the participation rate for children is estimated at about 40.4%.23The current political situation, meagerness and the harmful traditional practices use children to be exposed in the worst hazardous conditions and forced them to drop out from school depriving from them their education. The piece of music of Nepal blackballs child labour and the Nepalese government after the ratification of CRC indicated the lading of ensuring that children do not have to work. Therefore Nepal was obligated to enact various(prenominal) domestic laws. Within this context enacted the Childrens Act24and also Child force Act25strictly prohibiting and eradicating child labour. Furthermore in 1997 ratified C13826with obje ct glass the abolition of child labour and became a member of the SAARC.27Also, the IPEC28operates in Nepal with mark to create policies against child labour.An issue which is yet due consideration is whether children rights have indeed made progress after the ratification of the Conventions in conjunction with the new democratic system of Nepal by enacting respecting legislation, policies that present a development on their human rights status. It must be emphasised that there is a significant reduction of bonded labour to 40.4% compared to 47.0% of the total child population which was spy in NLFS 1998. Although the Committee in its one observation concerned that contempt the efforts of the state party to abolish the worst forms of child labour, the prevalence of child labour re primary(prenominal)s high particularly in hazardous conditions of work.29In 2009, the CEACR30despite Nepals ratification of C18231and nonmandatory communications protocol to the UN Convention on the Rig hts of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict32requested the government to take measures in order to amend its domestic legislation and prohibit the forced recruitment of children less than 18 years for use in armed conflict. The Committee also observed that the government has not made respective laws which are consistent with the provisions of the Convention in order to prohibit a person below 18 years to be exposed in hazardous work.V.EducationEducation is childrens prime concern and also it could be considered the basis of creating a safe future for a nation. Children are the principal participants of a country and especially Nepal which is a nation where education must be promoted among other developments made by the state. Nepal has ratified the ICESCR33where Articles 13 and 14 highlight the issue of free compulsory education. Although Nepal consented to the terms in order to provide free education between the ages of 6 and 11 the provisions regarding the Co venant are not followed.Also in one of its latest reports the UN34Committee observed that Nepal has yet to adopt a policy of compulsory education and further comments that there is a gap concerning the attendance between girls and boys as well as there is great unlikeness between castes ethnic and indigenous groups. The emancipation of children from a young age had used them to work hard as their families do not perpetrate in their educational needs because of monetary hardships. Statistics from a recent survey conducted by the ILO demonstrating the seriousness of the situation 9% of the total child population, have never attended school and 59% have not even completed their primary education.35Remarkably the gender gap remains a problem as mostly girls are discriminated from education due to the senile traditions who want girls to be married from their young age.VI.Human Rights DefendersNGOs such as UNICEF36 interpret a fundamental role as their mission is to safeguard the right s of the children in Nepal. UNICEF had provided mechanisms for the needs of the children supporting them in various ways providing rehabilitation and hire programmes as well as reintegration programmes. A NGO named Save the Children focuses mainly in the development of education and health of the children by trying to regularize and reduce youth mortality. establishing strategic partnerships with the government.VII.ConclusionHence the poor economic status, poverty and also the bad cultural practices in Nepal, illustrate childrens human rights in their worst form. Even if the state has made step forward by substantiateing international conventions there is lack of enforcement of the law and policies which in reality constitutes the main gap for any solutions. Nonetheless, Nepal could not be the only fighter of safeguarding the child rights through its legislative framework, but the key lies on the general system of human resources and society which must be sensitive on issues surr ounding childrens rights.IX.RecommendationsEffective strategies must be conducted by the PPCC37which would enforce policies for solving the issues of DCL. Even if education has been hindered by poverty, it could be the response to diminish child labour and enrich the status of the child.The Nepalese government must immediately ratify the third Optional Protocol,38as pursuant to it, abused children that became victims of prostitution and trafficking could have the opportunity to raise their voice and bring complaints for violations of their rights.The state must give attention to the UN observations concerning discrimination in education in which it must eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education. Trade unions should continue to encourage these challenges in the process of educational restructure and put imperativeness to the government of changing its policies in all levels of education corresponding to the provisions contained in ICESCR.Streamline2000 words.X.Bib liography-ReferencesRehman, J., (2010). International Human Rights Law (2nd edition). Essex Pearson Education Limited.Naftali B., 2011. International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law (1st edition). Oxford University Press.Gajurel, D.P., 2007. Child Rights in Nepal, online.Unpublished Menuscript, Kathmandu Nepal Law Campus, Faculty of Law, Tribhuvan University. procurable at http//papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract id= 1106619. Accessed twenty-seventh November 2012.Aruna, J., 2008. Impact of Armed Conflict on Children in Nepal Situation analytic thinking of their health status. online. Kathmandu School of Law Child Rights Search and imaging Centre, Nepal. Available at www.ksl.edu.np/crc_students-article.asp. Accessed twenty-seventh November 2012.Child Rights NGO Report brisk by CRC Sub-committee, Human Rights Treaty, Monitoring Coordination Committee (HRTMCC), Secretariat Child Nepal (CN)., 2011. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Ch ildon the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (2000). online. CN Promoting Child Rights through Education. Available at www.childrennepal.org/showmodule.php?universal resource locator=crc. Accessed 27th November 2012.Child Rights NGO Report Prepared by CRC Sub-committee, Human Rights Treaty, Monitoring Coordination Committee (HRTMCC), Secretariat Child Nepal (CN)., 2011. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Childon the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (2000). online. CN Promoting Child Rights through Education, 2011, 21. Available at www.childrennepal.org/showmodule.php?url=crc. Accessed 27th November 2012.Child Rights NGO Report Prepared by CRC Sub-committee, Human Rights Treaty, Monitoring Coordination Committee (HRTMCC), Secretariat Child Nepal (CN)., 2011. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Childon the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (2000). online. CN Promoting Child Rights through Education, 2011, 13. Available at www.childrennepal.org/showmodule.php?url=crc. Accessed 27th November 2012.International Labour cheek (ILO) Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal,. 2008. NEPAL CHILD moil REPORT based on data drawn from the Nepal Force Labour Survey. online. ILO 2008, xi. Available at http//www.ilo.org/capital of Nepal/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_182988/langen/index.htm Accessed 27th November 2012.International Labour Organization (ILO) Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal,. 2008. NEPAL CHILD LABOUR REPORT based on data drawn from the Nepal Force Labour Survey. online. ILO 2008, xii. Available at http//www.ilo.org/kathmandu/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_182988/langen/index.htm Accessed 27th November 2012.UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2008. Nepal Persistent violations of childrens rights. online. Available at http//www.crin.org/resources/infodetail.asp?ID=29608. Accessed date 27th November.Karen C.T., 2000. Trafficking in ch ildren in Asia a regional overview. online. ILO. Available at www.ilo.orf/asia/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_BK _PB _7 _EN/langen/index.htm. Accessed 27th November.Gonzlez, Z., 2002. International Programme on the emptying of Child Labour El Salvador, The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents A Rapid Assessment online. Available athttp//www.ilo.org/public/spanish/standards/ipec/simpoc/elsalvador/ra/sexexp.pdf. Accessed 26th November 2012.

Case Study Of Qatar Diar Commerce Essay

Case Study Of Qatar Diar Commerce EssayThe true e responsibility effort is a development process that involves establishment of objective estate in prep bed land by individual, political relation or developers. In this work Qatar was chosen as the country and Qatar Diar as the rattling estate family.To support growing economy of Qatar with an eye to manage Qatars actu entirelyy estate development priorities Qatar Diar was realized in the year 2005 by Qatar investiture Authority (QIA) which is the autonomous wealth fund of Qatar state. Northwest of Doha and on the coast of Arabian Gulf Qatar Diars headqu tricker is located. It started with $1bn capital. Its main concern was investment funds in real estate and community based fore checks. Since the start the comp some(prenominal) has worked on its portfolio which is worth $60bn estimated through its planetary investments.Vision and MissionQatar Diars vision is to be the finest real estate telephoner in the world by valuing consumer imagination, cultural values and inspiring relations. Companys vision statement is so far world honest with its vision. It has since its incorporation contracted on luxurious ventures.Despite the situation that Qatar hasnt seen booming real estate bubble like its neighbour UAE Qatar Diar has provided with polished opportunity to re stick in Qatar in the real estate market.Mission of Qatar Diar is to reform quality of life of Qatars people and in places they impart make believe project by cr tireing distinguished sniffy development projects by valuing top industry standards.Since the beginning the company has worked on the standard of its developments and it is evident from the projects they cook do so far. More discussion on that entrust be in the next sectionalisation.Projects of Qatar DiarIn a short span of m Qatar Diar has managed to realize a global portfolio of real estate projects. At present the company has projects in Qatar and GCC, Asia, Europe, The Americas and Africa.Companys first project was Lusail City which was launched in December 2005 and accreditedly it gained momentum. It wasnt long when Qatar Diars innovative outlook started gaining praise for its work. This city is progressively equanimous which is the largest unmarriedton real estate development under(a)taken in state of Qatar.Although the project hasnt realised yet but Lusail bring forth already created buzz about Qatars grand scale vision on next generation of developments. Qatar Diar already has sour synonymous to quality. Lusail Real Estate Development Company started its journey in September 2008 to ope array the expansion, construction and other development operations in legendary Lusail City Development.In 2009 November under Qatar Diars flagship Qatar Rail appearances Development Company was established which was of signifi keistert value for its portfolio. This company brought Qatars vision of creating a fully coordinated national prepargon pro fits and this regions first ever integrated railroad line system into reality.In par every(prenominal)el with its developments in Qatar, Qatar Diar has always been committed to commission on foreign market simultaneous to domestic market. Not sole(prenominal) life of Qatars people was moved(p) by Qatar Diar but similarly it has touched million people through its worldwide development ventures. As of instantaneously it is now one of the most famous, trustworthy, respected real estate company. It has break possible because of its continuous commitment to quality service, developing communities with state of the art innovative designs, worthy partnerships and trademark sustainability promise.In January 2012 report released by Qatar Diar it has US $4 billion capital with currently undergoing 49 projects solely in Qatar related to development and planning. Also they have projects in 29 countries all around the world which combined corporation be valued at US $35 billion.Strategi c Business Management and Planning gumshoeEvery line operates in micro and macro purlieu. To be roaring in this agonistical age every vocation have to have scheme for its operations whether its company worry or marketing its results. For a company like Qatar Diar it has greater responsibility towards its wider stakeholders. For the purpose of this study focus will be given on two widely utilize strategic tools. mug up AnalysisPESTEL AnalysisSWOT Analysis of Qatar DiarSWOT which stands as an abbreviation of Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats is a widely utilise tool to abbreviation an geological formations current standing in the backing environment.It also looks into the future considering current competitions. This is a comprehensive planning tool where internally it focuses on military postures and flunkes of an formation at current state and looks into external impress factors in forms of opportunities and banes (Sadler, 2003).http//www.lindsay-sherw in.co.uk/guide_managing_change/images/01_swot_1.gif formula SWOT to Business Strategy (Sadler, 2003)From both external and internal idea Confrontational questions argon generated.For every single Opportunity which strength atom can assist the company to take advantage of the opportunity and which weakness can form a barrier to do so.For every single Threat which strength factor can select to compete with the threat and which weakness can bound the company not to do so. sp ar- cadence activity SWOT analysis examines Qatar Diars Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats considering its present scenarios.StrengthsStrengths of a business are all the positive elements that it do exceptionally well and generally are under its control. The strengths of a company gives it competitive edge everyplace other business competitors. Often a company will emphasis on its strengths to devil to impudent dimensions. Below is a list of strengths for Qatar Diar.Having associations with other robust and common businesses around the globe is a major advantageous point for Qatar Diar as it helps bring in tonic clients and make business more operative. Qatari Diar since beginning have formed pixilated alliances in form of sound out ventures with construction and management firms. In 2008 it signed contracts with Ger umteens Hochtief in 2009 signed agreement with Germanys Deutsche Bahn to form the Qatar Railways Development Committee (QRDC). Under this committee, the Qatar Railways Company manages the expansion of Qatars $35bn rail system. In 2010 it joined with Frances Vinci Construction.Being a market leader, as Qatar Diar is, is samara to their success as it increases status, revenue and market share. Under Qatar Diar in that location are several key real estate development is ongoing which gives Qatar Diar supernumerary advantage.Innovation is a vital component of Qatar Diars overall accomplishment, as this retains them way above the other real estate compa nies.Riding spicy in the niche market in Real Estate industry has helped pressurise Qatar Diar and raised reputation and turnover. It has so far focused on high end luxurious projects.Not only they have ambitious projects in Qatar but also in several other countries with high visibleness construction work in primitive locations. The US $1bn expansion of Londons historical Chelsea Barracks is one such instance.The establishments developed by Qatar Diar are sustainable modern, importation this high valued clients will return to Qatar Diar for future projects.Qatar Diars marketing strategy has proven efficiency. Which helped the company to raise profiles and profits and standing out as a major strength not only in disjuncture region but in the world.Qatar Diars innovation keeps it a leader in Real Estate as it is frequently implementing new proprietary engineering science and design.Experienced employees are key to the success of Qatar Diar helping to drive them in advance wit h skill and knowledge. For example in March 2012 Qatar Diar appointed thirteen international right organisations to Qatari Diars six reasoned boards.High quality machinery used in sites, experienced staff, offices and equipment guarantee the job is done to the utmost standard, and is a strength of Qatar Diar.Qatar Diar has a widespread client base, which is a key strength regarding profit. Qatar Diar is spread in all over the globe in prime locations.Being financially strong helps Qatar Diar deal with any problems, ride any dip in profits and out perform their rivals. Qatar Diar has state plunk for which helps them to stay strong in volatile market.Qatar Diar has emerged as a strong brand which is an essential strength. Qatar Diars international operations establishes its authority over the business.2012 military man Cup will be held in Qatar. Before then the company will have some of their high profile projects finished which will enable them to capitalize the event.WeaknessesW eaknesses of a corporation are things that should be meliorate for a better result which are under their control. Weaknesses puts a business behind its competitors and create barrier to achieve its tar bring down. This section will present core weaknesses of Qatar DiarGlobal economic crisis will have an adverse impact on the sales of high end products. As more and more people are trying to hold their money in estimable investments. Qatar is yet not as promising as UAE which is first tasting among many client.Legal issues that buyers may face for the developments is still an issue for Qatar Diar as this creates barrier for potential customers.OpportunitiesOpportunities are external deviations, drifts or desires that could improve the business or organisations strategic positioning, or which could be of a benefit to them. This section will summarize opportunities that Qatar Diar currently have.Qatar Diar desexualises direct backing from Qatar Government which allows them to have additional support when they go overseas or even inside the country with grants and prosperous policies.Sudden change or adaptation of technology could give Qatar Diar an opportunity to strengthen future success. Use of hearty media network to promote its products to target markets may open new windows for them.Qatar Diar is in serious monetary position, which is an opportunity for them to explore in terms of investment in new developments.Qatar Diar has the opportunity to enter niche market with their ever favourable government support to maintain leading position and therefore avoid financial performance.Grasping the opportunity to magnify the customer base is something Qatar Diar can aim for, either geographically or through new products. Qatar Diar has cerebrate to take its innovative developments to other countries in coming time.Qatar Diar can also explore takeover and merger opportunities could be explored for Qatar Diar and which later can be used to acquire new custo mers, new resources and enter new markets.ThreatsThreats are reasons which may confine, harm or put domain of a functions of the business or organisation at jeopardy. They are factors which are external of the companys control. Being conscious of the threats and being able to prepare for them makes this section valuable when considering contingency plans and strategies. This section will outline main threats Qatar Diar is currently facing.Consumer lifestyle changes could lead to less(prenominal) of a demand for Qatar Diar products/services.A slow economy or financial slowness could have a major impact on Qatar Diar business and profits. ascending costs could be a major downfall for Qatar Diar as it would eat into profit.PESTEL analysis of Qatar DiarIn the macro environment there are many factor that affects decision making process of organisation. Changes can come in form of law change, trade barrier, impose of tax, demographic change on with government policy changes. These all a re changes in the macro environment (Bennett, 2002). We can use PESTEL model to assess and analyse most of these factors. This exhibition differentiates betweenPolitical factors. These factors denotes various government policy for example the gunpoint of involvement in the economy. Which products and services the government wants to promote? Which areas will discover subsidy? Political factors can have tremendous impact on numerous important areas of business. It will determine how healthy the nation is and in terms of infrastructure how inviolable it is i.e. road and rail network end-to-end the nation.Economic factors. Economic factors includes but not limits to purchase interest rates, tax income charges, slow or high economic proceeds, inflation and exchange rates. To deduce how it might affect a business with high impact lets see the example higher interest rates might discourage investment since it costs extra to borrow a strong currency may make exporting more problemat ic because it may increase the expense in terms of foreign currency inflation may alter higher wage demands from employees and increase costs higher national income growth may boost demand for a firms products neighborly factors. Changes in social tendencies can do work on the demand for a firms products and the accessibility and facility of persons to work. In Qatar Diar most of the workers are from different countries. If they cannot offer a competitive salary with other benefits there might be issue with purpose right people. Also in 10 years time there will be Fifa 2022 World Cup in Qatar this might mean there will be additional interest for people to get involved and invest in properties.Technological factors new technologies generate new products and new procedures. Social networking, online shopping, online booking and computer aided design are all developments to the way we do business as a essence of improved technology. Technology can lessen costs, improve quality a nd lead to innovation. These expansions can help customers as well as the groups providing the products. Qatar Diar has access to current technologies in their work bases which helps them to minimize cost and maximize opportunities.Environmental factors environmental factors comprise the climate and environmental changes. Tourism industry can get hugely affected by temperature change or issues like changed climate. referable to global warming slowly there is significant environmental cognisance which indicates that it is not a problem of a region. Qatar Diar also has implications of environmental factors. sustainable growth will mean that there will be less scope for doing non-environmental friendly tasks. The recent trend of being more environmental friendly is something Qatar Diar can work on to build up oppose or similar movements which will be beneficiary for the business.Legal factors These factors are significant for a business in terms of the geographical area where they are based on. For example discriminations on the basis of age, sex, religion can have huge adverse impact on a businesss operation. following(a) laws of different country is also important as most of the time they does vary geographically. Also lawsuits can cost a company fortune. So having sound legal advisors are a must. Qatar Diar has an experienced panel of legal advisors to assist them with development planning.Different categories of law that has direct relation with Qatar Diar includesconsumer laws these are intended to guard customers against biased practices such as ambiguous descriptions of the productcompetition laws these are designed at protecting trivial firms against onerousness by larger firms and safeguarding customers are not exploited by firms with monopoly influenceemployment laws these cover parts such as dismissal, sacking, working hours and tokenish wages. They aim to defend employees against the misuse of power by bosseshealth and gumshoe legislation thes e laws are aimed at guaranteeing the workplace is as safe as is sensibly practical. This legislation covers important issues such as training, accident report and other provision for safety equipment.Classic PESTEL features to ponder comprise component partCould includePoliticale.g. Qatar government involvement in real state policies, investment agendaEconomice.g. inflation, credit crisis, national debt, exchange rates.Sociale.g. view towards certain products, demographic characteristics, incomeTechnologicale.g. technological advancement, new ICT product, social networking, new product development by using new technology, rate of technological obsolescenceEnvironmentale.g. global warming, climate change, natural disasters and other environmental issuesLegale.g. laws that company is abide by. competition law, health and safety, employment lawHowever, it is significant not to just list PESTEL factors as this does not in itself tell very much. What business strategic management team neediness to do is to work out which of the many listed factors may change. For example as a government holding company Qatar Diar will more or less have favourable policies from the government. Problem will arise when it goes to a different geographic location. Qatar Diar has a global portfolio that makes it challenging to take into devotion all the wider aspects of all its development activities.In order to assess a big company like Qatar Diar it will be a good idea to distinguish between factors in terms of local, national and global (Drummond,2001).For example, we can evaluate Qatar Diars PESTEL factors asLocal factors such as innovation a government project and its approval.National factors such as government law regarding recruiting people for the construction.Global factors such as entering into new market zones and its impact on business.ConclusionThis paper has looked into Qatar Diars business management from a strategic point of view. It is not long since the business wa s established. acquiring world recognition in such a short time is really uncommon in todays world. Qatar Diar has proved how innovative approach in real estate industry can shape its future. Strategically, Qatar Diar has been lucky to have state support throughout its operation. Thanks to its joint ventures it has seen its growth over 29 countries. In coming years Qatar Diar will reach to its billhook and probably 2022 will be a milestone year for Qatar Diar.

Self Regulation Theory In Relation To Motivation Education Essay

ego mandate Theory In nonification To Motivation Education Essay erudition and acquiring a morsel or foreign spoken communicating put forward be difficult for well-nigh people and at the same sentence easy for others. Factors influencing this observation may be explained in terms of psyche differences in Second row Acquisition (SLA). These singles differences may include privateity, in proveigence, wording knowledge strategies, attitude, emotion and demand.Some queryers turn over that motif may encounter prentices whole emergence of tuition a support dustup (L2) (Gardner Lambert, 1972). sensation surmisal which has long been recognised in the theater is called egotism-determination supposition (e.g. Br have got 1981, 1990), and it examines natural/extrinsic motivating in L2 discipline. However, there has in like manner been a development of a to a greater extent bear upon-oriented theoretical approach to wit the process model of L2 indigence by Drnyei Ott (1998). They beget highlighted the splendour of developing self-importance-regulatory strategies to manage, rein obligate or begin cardinals pauperization during the course of canvasing. Accordingly, L2 self-regulation theory was later proposed by Drnyei (2005), and the theory represents a major reformation of previous penuryal thinking.This raise, therefore, forget discuss the extent in which motivating plays a key subroutine in south lecture encyclopedism. The snap of this essay is specifically on the amourage between self-regulation theory and countenance voice communication tuition, using the authors own(prenominal) experience in Iranian language education as a case study.Research ObjectiveThe design of this essay is to examine the authors experience in Iranian language hold ining and analyse, based on self-regulation theory, to what extent motivation contri b atomic number 18lyes to the skill of a second language.MethodologyThe essay employ s a qualitative analysis based on theories and the authors personal experience in Iranian language learning. First, definitions of the term motivation ordain be briefly demonstrated, and the close to appropriate definition for this essay will be chosen. Second, theories and constructs of motivation in social intercourse to self-regulation will be explored. Third, the role of motivation in the authors Iranian accomplishment Experience will be evaluated based on self-regulation theory. Finally, a conclusion will be presented with a pull ahead discussion on future recommendations.CHAPTER TWODEFINITIONS OF motivationMotivation is a ample concept, and definitions of motivation vary according to research and findings. The aim of this section is to explore several definitions of the term motivation and stop on the most appropriate definition in second language (L2) learning which will contribute to this essay.To begin with, motivation comes from the Latin verb movere which meat to move. It can be described as the driver inducing a person to take a certain action, make a decision, or invest efforts toward carrying out certain behaviours (Drnyei Ushioda, 2011 3).In a psychological perspective, motivation is often defined as the psychological quality that leads people to come across a endeavor. For language disciples, mastery of a language may be a goal. For others, communicative competence or even basic communication acquisitions could be a goal.In a socio- rearingal framework, motivation to learn the second language is viewed as requiring three elements effort, lust, and wassailment. First, the set offd individualist must(prenominal) deteriorate an effort to learn the language. in that location must be a dour and consistent strive to achieve success in learning practically(prenominal) as by doing homework, practicing the language whenever there is an opportunity, etcetera Second, the individual must demonstrate the desire to achieve the goa l. Such individual will do all that is necessary to achieve the goal. Third, the motivated individual will enjoy the task of learning the language. Such an individual will say that it is fun, a challenge, and enjoyable, even though at ms enthusiasm may be little than at other times. All three elements-effort, desire, and enjoyment- atomic number 18 necessary in order to several(predicate)iate individuals who atomic number 18 more(prenominal) than motivated and those who be less motivated. However, each element, by itself, is seen as insufficient to reflect motivation. Some bookmans may display effort, even though they digest no strong desire to succeed, and may not find the experience particularly enjoyable. Others may postulate to learn the language, but may abide other things that detract from their effort, etc.Motivation in Second Language AcquisitionIn the field of Second Language Acquisition research, motivation has been identified as single of the key featureors wh ich determines L2 achievement and attainment. Motivation initially serves as an impetus to flummox learning and later as a sustaining tug to ensure that the assimilator remains on- cutting with acquiring the rear language (Cheng Drnyei, 2007). According to Gardner (1985 50), he posits that motivation in learning is based on four characteristics a goal, effortful behaviour, a desire to attain the goal and gilt attitudes toward the practise in question. Drnyei and Otts definition of L2 motivation (1998 65) has a broader sense impression they defined motivation as the dynamically changing cumulative rousing in a person that initiates, directs, coordinates, amplifies, terminates, and evaluates the cognitive and motor processes whereby initial wishes and desires be selected, prioritised, operationalised and (successfully or unsuccessfully) acted out.According to Drnyei and Ushioda (2011 4), the by far definition that most SLA research, including this essay, would agree on conce rns the direction and magnitude of human behaviour, that is, motivation accounts forwhy people decide to do something (choice),how long they are willing to sustain the activity (persistence), andhow hard they are going to pursue it (effort).It is important to lettuce off that although choice, persistence, effort are the three key issues allowing learners to regulate their cause motivation, Ushioda (2003 99-100) further demonstrates that in order for motivation to grow in a collateral way, it cannot be seen as a progressive attempts to regulate behaviour from outside. There unavoidablenesss to be supportive interpersonal processes which foster the development of self-reliance and the growth and regulation of motivation from inside. Thus, with this in mind, this essay will design up the issue of motivation in relation to self-regulation in the following chapter.CHAPTER leadREVIEW OF SELF-REGULATION THEORY IN RELATION TO MOTIVATION IN SLAIt has been astray accepted that motiva tion plays an important role not only in general academic learning, but also in the process of achieving the goal in a second language learning. According to Drnyei (2002), L2 motivation has been seen as a dynamic construct that directs and enhances learning behaviour.There are some theories that devoted to motivation in relation to autonomy and dodging do, and devil most-cited theories are self-determination theory and self-regulation theory. The self-determination theory, which was developed from the education psychology approach, examines about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in relation to the learners behaviours and regulation. It denotes a sense of choice, personal responsibility, and self-initiation of behaviours. While the self-regulation theory, a more new-made development within the field of SLA research, refers to self-generated thoughts, feelings, and actions that are visualisened and cyclically adapted to the attainment of personal goals.Other well-known rela ted theories are Language Learning Strategies (LLS) and L2 motivational Self System. LLS is another(prenominal) approach which relates to strategic behaviours and keys prop of trus cardinalrthy language learners. This theory has been trying to establish a link between strategic behaviour and actual learning gains, to demonstrate that strategies are not culturally biased, and to explain why poor strategies user differs from respectable strategy users only in how they use strategies in place setting but not in the kinds or frequency of strategy they use (Ortega, 2009214). though self-regulation is a more upstart alternative study that replacing the conventional emphasis on sheer frequency of strategy use. Its emphasis on the creativity of efforts employed to assure sensations learning processes is the main issue I would like to point out in this essay.L2 Motivational Self Systemis another important recent theory of L2 motivation proposed by Dornyei (2005). It concerns motivati on in particular in terms of the theory of possible selves and the self-discrepancy theory (Dornyei Ushioda, 2011). Drawing on theoretical paradigms from two motivational psychology and L2 motivational research, Dornyei (2005)s L2 Motivational Self System model has three main dimentions the Ideal L2 self, the Ought-to L2 self, and the L2 Learning Experience. principle of this Essay Self-regulation Theory in Relation to MotivationDespite the fact that there are many theories on motivation in the background of SLA, self-regulation theory seems to best fit this essay. The self-regulatory approach allows for the combined study of motivation and strategic behaviour, and of cognition and affect, under a single theoretical framework. As support by Ortege (2009 211) who demonstrates a clear relevance of self-regulation theory to SLA and individual differences when learning another language poses a high-anxiety and complex challenge that demands cognitive as well as affective self-regula tion, and individuals differ in their depicted object to self-regulate.There have been concerns about the clear-cut of LLS, as according to Drnyei (2005 162), there is a substitute of perspective that the LLS are immensely perplexing phenomena and nothing is clear-cut about them. Furthermore, Drnyei (2005 190) stated that researchers started to accept that examining the LLS was not important as much as the fact that the good learners cull to put creative effort in their own learning and that they have the capacity to do so. Thus, because of learning strategies examine the outcome of these forces, I decided to draw self-regulation theory which is looking at the initial driving forces.The L2 Motivational Self System also does not fit in my context of describing a short language experience. It concerns more in terms of immemorial sources of the motivation to learn another language which are the Ideal L2 Self, Ought-to L2 Self, and L2 learning Experience.Review of Self-regulation Theory in Second Language AcquisitionThe starting time point of self-regulation theory is that human endeavours are always goal-directed, intentional, effortful and volunteer(prenominal) (Boekaerts et al., 2006). In the face of multiple goals and ensuing surroundingsal challenges, humans are capable of achieving the ends they choose to pursue because they are able to self-regulate their behaviour (Ortega, 2009 211).In the context of SLA, L2 self-regulation is a process by which individuals direct their efforts, thoughts, and feelings toward the attainment of their personal goals, and self-regulation is neither a discrete mental ability nor an academic skill (Zimmerman, 2000). In other words, self-regulation involves processes, responses, and strategies that students initiate and regulate (Zimmerman, 1986) to activate and sustain both their behavioural conduct and their cognitive and affective functioning (Boekaerts, Pintrich, Zeidner, 2000 Zimmerman, 2001).Self-regulation theory became the recent developments in the field of L2 individual differences as there has been a need to reconceptualize the strategic behaviour into a theory over the past decades. The two main proponents for this urge are Drnyei and Skehan (2003) who have pointed out that the L2 learning strategic behavior should not be limited to OMalley and Chamot (1990)s taxonomy of observed heuristic rule and reported mental process or Oxford (1990)s inventory of self-reported frequencies of strategy use. Then, in 2005, Drnyei pushed forward the solution to theorizing learning strategies and claimed self-regulation theory as a framework for SLA research about strategic behaviour during L2 learning.Self-regulation StrategiesDrnyei has created a model of motivational strategies based on the psycholinguistic concept of selfregulation which is intended to retheorize language learning strategies by examining strategic learning in the paradigm of selfregulation (see Drnyei, 2005 Tseng et al., 2006). Th is taxonomy of strategic learning is based in the framework of motivation simpleness strategies (Drnyei, 2001) and consists of five categories. Drnyei (2006) notes that his system was based on Kuhls (1987) and Corno and Kanfers (1993) taxonomy of action guarantee strategies. The categories are defined below1. Commitment mesh strategiesCommitment fit strategies examine the students ability to set and reach goals in their learning. It servings to preserve or increase the learnersoriginal goal commitment. For example, students may keep in mind favourable expectations or positive incentives and rewards, or students may focus on what would materialize if the original intention failed.2. Metacognitive discipline strategiesMetacognitive obligate strategies involve the monitoring and positive of immersion, and the curtailing of any unnecessary procrastination e.g. identifying recurring distractions and developing defensive routines, and center on the first steps to take when gett ing down to an activity.3. surfeit assert strategiesSatiation control refers to students capacity to control boredom and dissatisfaction in a learning task, and the ability to cope with these negative feelings (Dornyei, 2005). For example, students may agree a twist to the task or using ones fantasy to liven up the task. These strategies can attention to eliminate boredom and add pleonastic attraction or interest group to the task.4. Emotion control strategiesEmotional control strategies examine how learners cope with emotionally charged feeling such as stress, depression and disappointment that may hinder their language development. For example, students may use self- kick upstairsment or using relaxation and meditation techniques.5. surroundings control strategies milieual control strategies refer to how a student controls their learning environment in order to facilitate study. Learners with good environmental control are more aware of how their environment affects their l earning and have strategies to curb these negative effects. For example, students may try to eliminate distractions or asking friends to help. Such activities will help in eliminating negative environmental influences and exploiting positive environmental influences by devising the environment an ally in the pursuit of a difficult goal.CHAPTER quadPERSIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING EXPERIENCELearning ContextIranian Language Experience is part of the Second Language Teaching and Learning faculty. The aim of this language experience is not primarily for future use but to exemplify, and make more real, some of the issues connected with the language statement and learning with which the modules deal. The instructor gives the reasons for choosing this language as followsIt is unlikely that any of the module students has learned it before.It is an Indo-Europeaen language, and so its grammatical categories, and some of its vocabulary, will be relatively familiar to students.The course runs eig ht weeks, covering the first six lessons of the textbook. The students will learn in romanised transcription not the Arabic script form as the purpose is to learn a limited amount of conversational Persian (Farsi), with associated grammar and vocabulary. There will be a review school term at the end of each two-lesson section. (See Appendix 1 for more details)The pattern consists of about 30 students from various nationalities, mixed with females and males, aged approximately from 20 to 25, and all the lessons are taught in English. The instructor is the native speaker of the target language.I am a complete beginner-level learner as I have no previous knowledge in Persian language or finale. Though, I still show a great interest in learning a new language. I see this as a challenging task, and I am highly motivated by the thought of using the language as a mean of exploring Persian culture and people.Persian Language Learning Experience in Relation to Self-regulation TheoryPerso nally, I aware that learning a second language is considered as a challenging task which requires time and effort. As I am highly motivated to use the language not however only for the purpose of the module, I developed my own goal to learn the language as much as I could within the time limit. In order to achieve the goal, keeping my learning on track is very important and the following strategies are how I regulate my Persian language learning in accordance to self-regulation theoryCommitment control strategiesDuring the first two weeks, I was very interested to learn the language when the instructor began to introduce the lesson with an easy to remember greeting phrase. I became more motivated to learn Persian when the instructor presented about the tourist places and the culture. Hence, I made up my mind that I have to take this as an opportunity to learn the language as much as I could in order to travel to the area in the future. With this in my mind, I committed myself to bu ying a Persian textbook, so I would have to fully utilise the book and study thoroughly through and throughout the course.Metacognitive control strategiesAfter the result of the first essay, I became aware that maintaining my motivation through culture exploration was insufficient, and I needed to review more grammar and vocabularies periodically. In other words, I needed to structure my Persian learning by setting frequent goals. To illustrate clearly, I set mini-goals for myself to complete one or two exercises in the textbook per day. I also had a specific goal for each week that I must get through studying one chapter in the textbook before every Monday class. In the case that there were other deadlines from other courses and I could not wind one chapter by weekend, I told myself to devote a Sunday even out to complete the chapter. These mini goals provided me an opportunity to reflect and monitor my own progress each week and helped providing the motivation to focus on my tasks.Satiation control strategiesDuring the course, I was always looking for a new inspiration or a new motivation in learning the language. I raise my interest by searching about tourist places or Persian culture online. I also recorded my own voice to overcome boredom while learning new vocabularies or practicing pronunciation.Emotion control strategiesIt was obvious that I experienced negative feelings such as anxiety, frustration, and consternation aft(prenominal) the result of the quiz. I avoided interacting with the instructor in the following lesson. However, I understood that I could not keep avoiding the interactions, and it would be better if I had prepared for the lesson ahead. I tried to get rid of negative feelings and cheered myself up by reminding myself about the real aim of the course, which is to point out some issues in the teaching and learning of a second language, and that the quiz mark was simply a way to reflect on my L2 learning progress.Environment con trol strategiesAs the Persian lesson runs only one hour per week, learning in class would be insufficient to achieve my personnal goal. to complete the book. Therefore, I tried to have extra lessons and/or sought out excess sources of input and interactions. I look for a good environment that have easy access to time and place to avoid procrastination such as the internet I practice Persian pronunciation through YouTube videos and study more about Persian grammar and vocabulary through pardon lessons online.Self-evaluationDue to the fact that I needed to reflect on my everyday progress in order to incorporate received feedback on the future assignment, it helped me to monitor my progress and observe my strategies whether the way I self-regulate has been improving my learning or not. In terms of commitment control strategies, I had a high amount of motivation in the beginning that I cherished to learn as much as I could. I had a very high expectation of myself and even bought the textbook in bank to study further the requirement. Although, this exponent not be strong rich to keep myself commit to my goal, in fact it kept me engaged in the tasks for a short period. Part of this failure was due to the fact that I did not have a definite schedule of my Persian learning and that I was distracted by other subjects. Another part might due to high intrinsic motivation, I was too ambitious to learn and did not examine my ability thoroughly.However, even though my motivation was dropped after the quiz, when I later set up the mini goals for each week, my process of learn became more structure and sustain my motivation throughout the week. In other words, these strategies help me minimizing procrastination or distraction and maximizing concentration and keeping goals in focus. This can be said that metacognitive control strategies are essential to develop a learner autonomy. As Wenden (2001 62) demonstrates that a actualisation of the function of metacognitive kn owledge in the self-regulation of learning should contribute to a clearer apprehensiveness of learner autonomy, especially how it can be developed and enhanced. Wendens findings on the role of metacognitive knowledge in self-regulatory process also corroborate Chamot and OMalleys (1994 382) observation that denotative metacognitive knowledge about task characteristics and appropriate strategies for task solution is a major determiner of language learning effectiveness.In addition to my repletion control strategies, the way that I always look for inspiration from different sources for my own learning can keep my learning on process. In my opinion, this strategy should be a way to increase my motivation when I feel procrastinated or bored. However, I found myself spending too much time browsing on the internet about Persian culture and had less time to review the task. I should be careful that it would not take up too much time of my daily Persian learning otherwise it would not be effective. So, it seems that this strategy might not be helpful to me sometimes because I can use it as an excuse to procrastinate.My emotion control strategies, particularly to my positive self-talk is also mentioned in a study by Bown (2009) that this technique helped learners maintain perspective on their language learning. It alleviated feelings of frustration or anxiety. Bown divided that learners used self-talk for two primary purposes (a) to remind themselves of their own motivation for learning the language and (b) to encourage themselves when they felt that they were not making enough progress. The use of this self-talk also served to help learners keep their expectations of themselves realistic, as informed by their beliefs about language learning. Learners would tell themselves that mistakes are part of learning or that it takes longer to learn Russian than other languages they may have studied previously (Bown, 2009). Though it is true up that the use of this strategy became effective when I had a low quiz mark, in my case it must be combined with other strategies (such as metacognitive control strategies) at the same time in order to altogether encouraging myself. I must have a definite plan (the mini goals) to support my positive self-talk.For my environment control strategies, Wolters (1998), citing research from Corno (1989, 1993), Corno and Kanfer (1993), and Kuhl (1984, 1992), pinpoints a self-regulation technique I employed (1) environmental control, for example a student who decides to go to a quiet place conducive to studying (225). In my opinion, the way that I always try to turn my surrounding environment into a learning environment for me makes me sometimes enjoy learning by myself rather than studying in the classroom. It helps me complete the mini goal I set for myself in each day. In addition, this can be supported by the study from Bown (2009). The findings suggested that effective self-regulation depended on the learners sense of themselves as agents in the learning process. Learners who recognized their role as authors of their own learning transform the learning environment to meet their individual needs (Bown, 2009).CHAPTER FIVE certainty AND DISCUSSIONIt is believed that motivation is essential in learning a second language as it can be a driven force for the learners to start their second language acquistion and it can be a force that sustain the learning throughout the acquisition. However, motivation, according to Dornyei and Ushioda (2011), is a dynamic and lucubrate factor which concerns about the choice, persistence, and effort of the learners in regulating thier own motivation. From this, motivation can be seen as a factor that correlate to the learner behaviour which can contribute to the learner autonomy.There are many theories which were developed to examine about motivation in relation to L2 learner behaviour and strategy use. Self-determination theory (SDT) is one of the theories that has a broad framework for the study of human motivation and personality. It is come to mainly with intrinsic motivation and the way to which the individual is self-motivated and self-determined.Language Learning Strategies (LLS) is another approach which examines the strategies that the good language learner employ. The L2 Motivational Self System is another recent approach in relation to L2 motivation and the self framework. It concerns three self dimensions Ideal L2 Self, Ought-to L2 Self, L2 Learning Experience.Self-regulation refers to the degree to which individuals are active participants in their own learning. It is a more dynamic concept than learning strategy, highlighting the learners own strategic efforts to manage their own achievement through specific beliefs and processes (Drnyei, 2005). In the context in this essay, it is found that motivation became a critical factors on how the learner will choose the strategies to regulate his/herself and keep the learning process go ing in order to achieve goal of learning a second language. In other words, it can be argued that self-regulation of L2 learning is multidimensional, including cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral processes that learners can apply to enhance achievement. The deliberative, adaptive process of self-regulation enables learners to handle tasks effectively and prepares them to take responsibility for their learning (Wenden, 2001).In chapter 4, based on the Self-regulation theory, my Persian Learning Experience has been evaluated in relation to motivation. According to the four self-regulation strategies I employed, it is found that I depend much or less on motivation to regulate or control the four strategies. For instance, motivation became a crucial factor on how I use the metacognitive control strategies to change the way I learn the language. While motivation has been rarely concerned on how I chose the place to study as in the environment control strategies. Never theless, I could not agree more that both motivation and the four self-regulation strategies are the two essential factors that cannot be overlooked in learner autonomy and the development in the process to enhance individual learning in order to achieve the goal.Though the aim of the Persian Language Learning class was merely to experience the issues that can be raised in L2 learning and teaching, the fact that the class is conducted only one hour per week might not be enough to motivate some learners to engage during the lesson. In order to have a more effective class, the instructor could raise an awareness of using self-regulation strategies which I believe will be fruitful for the students themselves to have an opportunity to monitor their learning progress and develop their learning autonomy in L2 learning. As Hurd (2008) emphasises, awareness-raising of self-regulation in L2 learning is equally if not more important in case-by-case learning setting (e.g. online environments and distance learning), where students lack the kind of social-affective support provided by regular interactions with other learners and the teacher, and typically may be engaging in language learning on top of full-time study and personal commitments.

Don Quixote Essay -- English Literature

Anyone who reads feign Quixote for the first time inevitably has approximately preconceptions about it, beginning with the lexicon defMIGUEL DE CERVANTES SAAVEDRA was born in Alcala de Henares in Spainnear Madrid in 1547. nil is certainly known about his education,but by the age of twenty-three, he enrolled in the army as a privatesoldier. He was wound for life in the battle of Lepanto and was takencaptive by the Moors on his way home in 1575. After five years ofslavery, he was ransomed and two or three years later, he returned toSpain. He settled in Madrid and began a moderately triumphful literarycareer, in which he wrote poetry, published a pastoral romance, LaGalatea(1585), and had some twenty to thirty plays performed without,as he puts it, offerings of cucumbers or other throwable matter. impuissance to attain financial success, he obtained an employ custodyt in theGovernment power as a commissioner of food supplies for the Armadaexpedition. He later became a assess coll ector, a position that he helduntil 1597, when he was imprisoned for a deficit in his accounts dueto the dishonesty of an associate. The imprisonment on this occasionlasted until the hold on of the year, and, after a period of obscurity, heissued, in 1605, his masterpiece, El Ingenioso Hidalgo slang Quijote deLa Mancha (The Ingenious Hidalgo turn in Quixote of La Mancha). Cervantesconfesses to having engendered Don Quixote in the prison. Itssuccess was majuscule and immediate, and its reputation soon spread beyondSpain. The enthusiastic receipt of discontinue spurred him to uncheckedliterary activity until his death- a gloriously notional old age inwhich he completed Don Quixote Part (1615), his twelve ExemplaryNovels (1613), ... ... position, the femalecharacters such as Marcella and Dorothea in Don Quixote speakforcefully in defense of womens rights. Loose in structure and unevenin workmanship, it remains unsurpassed as a masterpiece of wittyhumor, as a picture of Span ish life, as a gallery of immortalportraits. It has in the highest degree the mark of all great art, thesuccessful combination of the particular and the universal it is trueto the life of the unsophisticated and age of its production, and true also togeneral human nature everyplace and always. With graphic symbol to thefiction of the Middle Ages, it is a triumphant satire with referenceto modern novels, it is the first and the most widely enjoyed. In itsauthors words It is so conspicuous and void of difficulty thatchildren may overcompensate it, youths may read it, men may understand it, andold men may celebrate it.

Return Of The Native Essay -- essays research papers

In Thomas Hardy&8217s poem &8220Her Dilemma, it relates to account book one of the novel Return of the Native in the concept of union and distrust of feelings. In both the poem and the novel, the adult female&8217s feelings and emotions travail conflict in her marriage. It is interesting that both these literary works has a marriage transpire with one person doubtful, especially during a meter when divorce was unconceivable. The question arises, should a lifetime decision be do solely upon the basis of one&8217s personal desires?In &8220Her Dilemma the title of respect gives the lector a clue that a choice must be made between equally undesirable alternatives. Hardy uses iambic pentameter as the rhyme scheme to make the poem flow smoothly. The first stanza uses incident to describe an ancient church where the couple is soon to be married. one time this stanza ends Hardy&8217s attitude changes to one of sorrow. &8220For he was soon to die, --he lightly said, &8216Tell me y ou love me&8217&8212Holding hard her hand. It is pathetic that this is the last deficiency of a dying man. Hardy&8217s use of consonance allows the reader to understand the man&8217s feelings. Next stanza the tone changes again, to one of pathos for the woman who sells her soul &8220to be a moment kind. Regardless of whether the woman decides to marry, the man will die. Eventually, her sympathy for the man overwhelms her consciou...

Benedick and Beatrices Love in Much Ado About Nothing Essay -- Much A

Entry 1 Act I Don Pedro and his work force return from the war and visit the house of Leonato and his br opposite, Antonio. This sudden meeting reunites Beatrice with her archrival, Benedick, and it is here(predicate) that Claudio and Hero fall in go to bed.ReactIn Shakespeares a great deal Ado about Nothing, there are the usual characters that show up in most of Shakespeares pieces. For instance the characters Hero and Claudio could easily be compared to Romeo and Juliet. Both Hero and Juliet are innocent, quite, and beautiful young women who fall in love instantly without conversing with the other person. Likewise, Claudio and Romeo decide to marry these women within twenty-four hours. Because of these characters lack of unique and interesting qualities, I am intrigued by Beatrice.Beatrice is by far the best character Shakespeare created because of how effortlessly she lightens the mood. Beatrice is gifted with wit, humor, and strength red carpet(prenominal) in Shakespeares tim e. One can tell Beatrices drollness is at its best when speaking about or to Benedick. When Benedick greets her as maam Disdain (I.i.109), she snaps, Is it possible disdain should die, while she hath such meet nourishment to feed it as Signior Benedick? Courtesy itself must transmute to disdain, if you come in her presence (I.i.110-113). Instead of taking offense, she welcomes the name and fundamentally tells Benedick that she acts contemptuous only(prenominal) because shes talking to him. She adds that shes loving with everyone, with him as an exception. Benedick retorts that shes lucky that she doesnt love him interchangeable all the other women he knows, because he loves no one oddly not her. Beatrice responds, A dear happiness to women, they would else have been troubled with a pernicious suitor. ... ...r its Hero and both the couples are happily wed. performThe painting that I created is an abstract depiction of fire. Benedick and Beatrices love is like fire because it cant be tamed or put out. They both try to hide the kindling of their affection for severally other to no avail. Even after they initially confessed to each other they both tried to douse their feelings and completely denied ever having loved the other. notwithstanding this, their friends revealed their secret letters and the flames rekindled burning fiercer and brighter than ever before. Therefore they can only let it grow with fiery passion and succumb to their emotions and get married just like their friends planned.Works CitedShakespeare, William. Much Ado about Nothing. Ed. capital of Minnesota Werstine, Barbara A. Mowat, and Gail Kern. Paster. New York Simon &ump Schuster Paperbacks, 1995. Print.

The Unnamed Wife in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay -- Sir Gawai

The Unnamed Wife in Sir Gawain and the Green sawhorse In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight the green gymnastic horses married woman plays a pivotal engross in the stage. Yet, she is never given a name and it is unclear what motivates her actions. She could simply be following her husbands orders to seduce this visiting knight. She could be under the tutelage of Morgan le Fay. Or she whitethorn be acting under her own guidance and use her cozyity to carry out her own desires or gain power. In light of this uncertainty, the unnamed wifes role in the sleeping room scene is as well hard to decipher. As a woman she should be submissive, and yet it is Gawain who is forced to defend himself against her advances to which he eventually submits. The multiple readings of the wifes role also inform the notions of Christian and pagan in the story. Female power and sexuality are aligned with the wife, Morgan le Fay and paganism, eyepatch Gawain seeks protection and chastity from Mary and Christianity. Despite the power the wife may gain from pagan traditions, she could also be perceived in a Christian, patriarchal context as a sexual object who is summonsed by her husbands authority. As a result the green knights wife represents the duality of Christian and pagan and its prevalence in medieval society. In the bedroom scenes the wife appears to be playing the role of a submissive woman, but is in fact using her moorage to dominate Gawain, who is limited by his pledge to the Green Knight. The wife tells Gawain, My organic structure is here at hand, Your each wish to fulfill Your servant to command I am, and shall be still. Here the wife is literally submitting her body to Gawain to use as he desires. Yet, she is making this proposition in order to decoy him to... ...ere her true allegiance lies. On the other hand, her position in this story provides insight into medieval society. Her antics with Gawain in the bedroom scenes reveal that her po sition as lady of the house is superior to Gawains as a knight. This piazza further illuminates medieval gender roles especially when examining the ladys kinship with her husband. Even if he may use her as a sexual pawn, she is able to assert herself thought the tactics she uses to persuade Gawain to break his oath. She is also intrinsically linked with Morgan le Fay and pagan traditions. This bond is balanced by Gawains connection with Mary as a figure for guidance. The wifes position in this story epitomizes the dualities of medieval society. The conflicting tender and gender roles and Christian and pagan traditions are somehow able to plight in this complex society.

Prejudice :: essays research papers

Prejudice, the figure of judging someone base on outward appearance or affectionate standing. In the 1960s Harper Lee wrote a book called To Kill a Mockingbird, virtually prejudice and how hard the times were. In To Kill a Mockingbird, there are many examples of prejudice showing how morally wrong it was. in that respect are several examples of prejudice in the book Tom Robinson because he is African American, Boo Radley because of his standing in their society, and the Cunningham Family because of how poor they were. The following paragraphs bequeath discuss these examples.Tom Robinson was one example of prejudice because he was African American. You felt sorry for her? You felt sorry for her? Mr. Gilmer was ready to rise to the roof (Lee, 197). This is when Tom Robinson is on outpouring for being falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell. The spate thought it was not right for Tom Robinson to feel sorry for Mayella because he was black and she was white. Tom, did you rape Mayella Ewell? (Lee, 196) The fact that Tom was even brought on trial was an act of prejudice. In courts today the case wouldnt even had make it to court and here they are accusing him anyways. Tom Robinson being convicted was the biggest act of prejudice in his case. There was no evidence against him to convict him with. The notwithstanding reason he was convicted was because it was a white jury and he was African American. These were examples of racial prejudice which was very prevalent in those times too common was social prejudice, as in the Cunninghams case.The Cunningham family was an example of social prejudice because they were poor. Miss Caroline, hes a Cunningham (Lee, 20). This is when they are in class and Miss Caroline is trying to give him luncheon money. spotter tells her he is poor and wont be able to apply her back and is too proud to take it. He aint company, Cal, hes just a Cunningham (Lee, 25). They invited Walter back to the house for lunch and he poured syr up all over his food and Scout gets on his case about it. Cal tells her she shouldnt do that and she implies that it doesnt matter what they plead to him he is just a Cunningham, she is being prejudiced because she knows he is poor. another(prenominal) reason people are prejudiced to the Cunninghams is because they have to pay with crops.

The Crucible - fear and suspicion Essays -- Essay on The Crucible

In the Crucible, Arthur miller shows us how fear and scruple raftdestroy a community.As the play develops, Miller shows us how fear and qualm increaseand destroy the community. Throughout the play it becomes plainthat the community gets more and more divided as time goes on. In the havening there were arguments about ownership of land between few ofthe villagers. As the story progresses hoi polloi fear for their ownsafety and begin accusing their neighbours of witchcraft in order toescape macrocosm hanged.capital of Oregon became overrun by the hysteria of witchcraft. Mere suspicionitself was accepted as evidence. As a Satan-fearing community, theycould not think of denying the evidence, because to deny the existenceof crime was to deny the existence of goodness which was God.In the 17th century a group of Puritans migrated from England toAmerica - the land of dreams - to escape persecution for theirreligious beliefs.As Arthur Miller tells us in the introduction to Act 1 no one canreally know what their lives were like. We would never be able toimagine a life with no novelists and their creed forbade anythingresembling a theatre or vain entertainment. They didnt commemorateChristmas, and a holiday from work meant only that they mustconcentrate steady more upon prayer. They led a very austere and bleaklife.The people of Salem - from which the audience derive their good andevil characters - were superstitious and passing religious, and theirTheocratic form of government offered them security and unity.However, this strong religious land in like manner offered the option touse it misguidedly to promote the evil of false accusations. The prodigal and blind religious fanaticism... ...n 1947 but a year later in 1958his conviction was quashed by the Supreme Court.The play is relevant to any edict destroyed by fear, suspicion,paranoia and accusation - other societies where something similar hashappened include eastern United States Germany under commun ism after World War 2,Afghanistan under the Taliban and china under the Cultural Revolutionwhen the Red Guards would decry people for being bourgeoisreactionaries.In conclusion I think that the ideas of fear and suspicion appearthroughout the play. Initially the suspicion starts on a miniature scalebut gradually develops and destroys the community. The fear of thedevil at the start out extends and includes fear of others andneighbours but when the court comes into action the community are alsoafraid of the court. All the fears and suspicion mounts up and thecommunity is thrown into turmoil.

Alias Grace :: Alias Grace

false name Grace   found on a notorious double murder in Canada in the1840s, the novel Alias Grace tells the legend of a pretty 16 year-old servant girl who conspired with a ranch hand to kill their employer and his cyprian and escape with their belongings. They were captured in several days, and later, in a much-publicized trial, found inculpatory of premeditated murder. The young man, James McDermott, was sentenced to death, and the girl, Grace Marks, narrowly escaped it. Alias Grace begins afterward the murderess has served 8 years in prison. The death of Nancy Montgomery, Kinnears housekeeper and mistress, has been handle as both villains had already been sentenced to death. Grace is around thirty years old, being accused of the crimes when she was only sixteen. Grace is in prison where she has been mentally tortured during her rotation from prison to asylum over time. Doctors who wish to " screen" her frequently visit. She now has a subconscious aversion to these doctors and the world which she knows. She has blend accustomed to being silent and unseen. A young doctor, Dr. Simon Jordan, has taken an affair in Grace. Dr. Jordan is from a wealthy family and of good name, but he is more(prenominal) interested in studying abroad about sanity and those wrap in asylums rather than interest at home. He has little familiarity in dealing on a personal basis with the psyche of sanity of patients, but is intrigued by this fabulously sensationalized murderess. A group that has unendingly tried for the pardon of Grace Marks has recruited the doctor with hopes that he go out find Grace sane and innocent on all counts of murder. Dr. Jordans chief(prenominal) purpose is to help recover the lost reminiscence of the time during the murders. This memory which some to believe was conveniently forgotten helped convict her during the trial nearly as if she had admitted to the killings. During the course of his visits with Grace, Dr. Jordan e ncourages her to tell of her life before the murders. Grace begins her story with her family in Scotland. Grace had been left with her abusive father and the smaller children after her mother died on the passage to America. A trip taken for indispensability rather that need for her father was in a bit of financial trouble in Scotland. Grace is sent out in Canada as a servant.

Napoleon Bonaparte :: essays research papers

pitiful sleep nap sleep Bonaparte, the son of Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte, was born in Ajaccio, Corsica on August 15, 1768. In 1779, he was sent to a military school in Paris. He was made fun of by the French there, and gave him the dream of power. sleep was hold for the right time to achieve greater power, and that moment came when the French monarchy was overthrown. catnaps parents were radicals, and both died soon after he turned 16, because leaving him the estate. His first battle was when he directed the artillery siege of Toulon in 1793, and afterwards he was promoted to brigadier general. In 1795, he broken a group of rioters by firing a grape fracture, a shot gun version of a cannon, into the crowd. Napoleon was then made air force officer of the Italian army and win four straight battles against the Austrians. In 1797, Austria surrendered to France when Napoleon was just 80 miles from the capitol. When the battle was taken to Egypt, he again won the battle of the pyramids, but lost his fleet of ships in his next fight over the battle of the Nile. He returned home to France to see that the French establishment was really messed up. "In 1799 he abolished the Directorate and set up a consulate." He was not happy and wanted more power, so he went after the rest of Europe, but had settled with many treaties. Those treaties had put France at peace with all of Europe. Then in 1803, war broke forth again in Europe, and Britain consort with the other countries of Europe to fight against France. "Napoleon brought those European countries to their knees and forced them to sign humiliating treaties, and now, Britain was the only country left hand not under Napoleons rule."One of Napoleons few bad campaigns was when he went into Russia, and instead of the Russians just letting the French capture them, they used guerrilla tactics and also the weather, to fight France. formerly Napoleon finally defeated the Russians, he went to Moscow, only to see it in flames. The Grand Army, which was originally made up of 500,000 troops, now had a short of supplies and shelter from the harsh winter. Because of that, they had returned to France being known as "One of Napoleons worst blunders." Europe noticed that Napoleon was now weak, and they allied against him and came out victorious, and the Europeans forced Napoleon the abdicate power on April 6, 1814.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Canterbury Tales Essays

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In the fourteenth century, an unknown creator wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and now this poem is one thought to be of the finest Arthurian romance that belongs to the Alliterative Revival. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a story round many complicated issues, and mainly it concentrates on the character of Gawain who is one of the go around knights in Arthurs kingdom. The action takes place when Arthur is still young and enjoys uncollectible festivitys in Camelot. The passage from lines 60 to 129 describes the New Years celebration in Arthurs court around his famous Round Table. Celebrations at Christmas and the New Years holidays at Arthurs court prevail for twelve continuous days. Nobility, knights and other guests gather in Camelot to enjoy music, pleasure and double portions of delicious cuisine This fair folk at cattle farm two-fold was served(line 61). Even though all in all plates are ful l, guests wait for the royal attractor to arrive. Guests welcome Arthur with music, and they all sing Christmas songs When the king and his company were come in together. The chanting in chapel achieved and ended. Clerics and all the court acclaimed the glad season, Cried Noel anew, unspoilt news to men(line 62). Before their meal, all guests gather to exchange gifts consequently gallants gather gaily, hand-gifts to make, called them out clearly, claimed them by hand(line 66). During the celebration, people exchange kisses, and the cause describes some women who kiss many men Ladies laughed aloud, though losers they were (line 69). Then all the visitors wash their hands before the meal, which may give us crucial information about social practices at the fourteenth-century English court When they had washed them worthily, they went to their seats(line 72). Arrangement of seats is precisely defined and the most sinewy persons sit at the head of the table. GRAPH The queen Guenevere, Arthurs wife, sits at the top

Pushing the Limits :: Personal Narrative Papers

force the Limits Late one Friday night in the fall of 1995, while I was hanging out with the girls, my laughter stopped short as jennet Williams large grandfather clock struck one time aloud throughout the old farmhouse. Our laughter and fun came to a halt. My parents cur hardly a(prenominal) as swell up as my school drivers permit curfew had long expired. Curfew would not have been an issue that night because most fifteen-year-olds would have been at house in bed. Because of my right to drive, my pride in being one of the few freshmen with their school permit came with its own benefits as well as consequences. The privilege to drive to school and back was a privilege easily taken advantage of. One of my rule breaking attempts was driving home from jenny asss house at 100 in the morning. The plan to come up home quickly almost backfired and I was almost stuck in a sticky situation, literally I raced around Jennys cluttered house looking for my large wood carved key chain. I knew I needed to make fast tracks before the clock detainment worked their way any farther. I found my keys at last and I was racing to my car. My competition with the undefeated clock was soon to begin.I started the railway locomotive and took off with the radio blaring like a foghorn, and the accelerator floored. I was about 15 minutes northwest of my house, but I was attempting to curl those minutes in half. As I approached Wellman, I pictured the tardily shift policeman, Jack Wright, sitting in his car at the town park parking lot just waiting to pull all over and ticket some immature teenager like me. I trenchant to take a short cut down a grime passageway, which would allow me to cut some time and avoid any incompatible policemen. I charged away in my lightweight, manual, gray Chevy Spectrum that I liked to call Junior. While speeding along to Tom juniors, You Wreck Me Baby, I had not noticed the shower of mud ephemeral from my cardboard-looking hub ca pped wheels. The thought crossed my mind to turn back, but the tires had already begun to spin hopelessly like a hamsters wheel. I realized that turning back towards a possible cop was not an option. This road was not about to let me maneuver a three-point-turn-about either.